Caking of suspension. 3) prevention of caking.

• Caking of suspension , the compound should be relatively insoluble in both water and the micelles a potential stabilizer may form. Solution > Suspension > Capsule > Compressed Tablet > Coated tablet. Caking in aqueous pharmaceutical suspensions was studied over 50y ago (Haines and Martin, 1961a, Haines and Martin, 1961b, Haines and Martin, 1961c). 4: Caking Diagram, Show ing the Flocculation of a Bismuth Subnitrate Suspension by Means of the Flocculating Agent . By wet milling the final suspension or by dry milling before the suspension, the particles are finely ground. If the particles are not properly stabilized, they can form strong interparticle bonds, leading to caking. In Non-aqueous oral suspension the caking phenomena is induced by polarity of the particle due to ion adsorption as it is the case in aqueous oral suspension. Factors that affect the sedimentation also control caking Dec 7, 2024 · Definition: A suspension is a biphasic liquid dosage form containing finely divided insoluble solid particles dispersed uniformly in a liquid medium. ere was no statistical variation (P ≥ 0. 2. They can be stabilized using suspending agents, viscosity increasing agents, surface charge, etc. It notes that small particle size, increasing viscosity, and maintaining optimal temperature contribute to suspension stability. The particles may have ionizable groups on their surfaces or they may Jun 1, 2019 · Caking with phase transition or polymorph transition. The relevant characterization methods of these indices are summarized. – Palatability: Ensure the suspension is acceptable to patients, especially for pediatric and geriatric populations. WETTING AND DISPERSION Wetting may be defined as the replacement of a solid-air interface by a solid-liquid interface. Procaine penicillin G. Nov 6, 2019 · A flocculated suspension refers to a system in which suspended particles are formed into floccules (i. Protamine Zinc-Insulin suspension. Homogeneous dispersion of the key ingredient in such products is essential for uniform dosing. , weakly attracted or weakly bonded aggregates of particles) rather than separate particles. The major causes of caking are crystal bridging & closed aggregate (coagulate) formation Crystal habit may be defined as the outward appearance of an agglomeration of crystals. For amorphous caking, crystallization of amorphous powders is non-negligible. The examples of these ca … See full list on pharmtech. E. Jan 29, 2025 · Caking Definition Caking refers to aggregation of dispersed phase of suspension in a way that individual particles loose their integrity. A caking process with these phenomena would change the moisture sorption and component of solid bridge. e. In pharmaceutical formulations, controlled flocculation is a mechanism to prevent particle caking in suspension formulations. – Compatibility: Ensure that all ingredients are compatible and do not interact adversely with one another. Flocculation occurs at the secondary energy minimum when the particles are far apart from each other upon the addition of a small amount of electrolyte which reduces the zeta potential of the Jul 18, 2024 · The F value of a deflocculated suspension is usually relatively small, about 0. Stokes equation can be used to predict suspension stability in order to save time and resources. Nov 19, 2021 · The drug in suspension exhibits higher rate of bioavailability than other dosage forms. For a compound to be formulated into an aqueous suspension one of the critical properties to ensure physical stability and to obtain the desired release rate is lack of solubility in the dispersing media, i. Wilson, Bernard Ecanow, University of Illinois, College of Pharmacy, Chicago University of Illinois, College of Pharmacy Chicago Abstract The phenomena of caking and of flocculation in a sulfamerazine suspension system have been reported in the literature. A pharmaceutical suspension with F value 1 is the ideal system and such a system is said to be flocculated. Flocculation and agglomeration are brought about by forces which reside at the surfaces of the particles in suspension. com Jul 18, 2024 · This phenomenon is also called caking or claying and is the most serious of all the physical stability problems encountered in suspension formulations. 7c). Apr 5, 2021 · Caking is defined as the formation of a non-redisperrsible sediment with a suspension system. g. There is no sedimentation or caking in such a system and it is also aesthetically elegant since there is no visible clear supernatant. This paper reports on the caking behaviour of PNT oily suspension formulations exposed to vibrations in a lab-based test designed to simulate road/air transport. Dec 13, 2015 206 likes 85,531 views. The addition of monobasic potassium phosphate to the suspended bismuth Dec 13, 2015 · Pharmaceutics - suspension - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Nov 30, 2016 · An oily suspension of penethamate (PNT) that was physically stable on storage, caked solidly during road/air transport. Apr 23, 2015 · Suspension stability can be theoretically estimated prior to the beginning of the formulating process based on the solid phase particle size, liquid phase density, and viscosity. When particle-particle interaction occurs, it results in floccules or coagulates, increasing sedimentation. Caking of the sulfamerazine suspension system is seen when the particles settle to a dense sediment before bonds can be established between the closely-packed particles. Nov 27, 2023 · 5. The system is flocculated, but there is no sedimentation or caking. Depending upon the adhesive forces between these particles at the interface caking will happen. Solution: Adding anticaking agents or using proper drying techniques during the manufacturing process can prevent caking. 05) in the pH of the formulated suspension (Table 7) to indicate any physicochemical change [19, 22, 23]. The viscosity of the medium Research Articles Powdered Particle Interactions: Suspension Flocculation and Caking I Robert G. suspension, accordingly may increase the caking tendency of a dispersion, whereas flocculating agents tend to prevent it. Proper storage conditions, such as avoiding extreme temperatures, are also essential. Jan 1, 2016 · Fig 1. This type of system is said to be in flocculation equilibrium. Manufacturing Considerations. Suspensions are used for oral, topical, ophthalmic, and parenteral delivery of drugs. 2. Suspension can improve chemical stability of certain drug. Sep 1, 2018 · Caking indices are classified as mechanical (caking strength and compressibility), morphological (aspect ratio, circularity, convexity, sphericity, and bluntness), and statistical (mechanical indices distributions, morphological indices distributions, and caking ratio) ones. Dec 1, 2016 · Many medicines in routine use are particulate suspensions of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a continuous liquid phase. Pharmaceutics - suspension. Sep 5, 2024 · – Stability: Prevent sedimentation and caking over the product’s shelf life. 1. These studies on aqueous suspensions of bismuth subnitrate and sulfamerazine demonstrated that reduction Jun 1, 2022 · Compounds Suited for an Aqueous Suspension. However, most powders are agglomerated; individual (primary) particles are held to- gether by relatively weak bonds. Jan 31, 2017 · Pharmaceutical suspension can be classified based on the dispersed phase, vehicle used, proportion of solid particles, particle size, etc. Characteristics of There are other problems met in suspension foririu- lation work, aside from the basic questions of settling and caking Attention needs to be centered on the dispersed phase, the suspended drug, and on (u) those factors which are important in selecting the particular powder which is used, and (b) the changes. Solution > Suspension > Powder>Capsule > Compressed Tablet > Coated tablet; Duration and onset of action can be controlled. This phenomenon occurs when the suspended particles aggregate and settle over time, forming a hard mass. e flow time of the suspension was Apr 16, 2024 · This means that a suspension that is smaller in particle size will be more stable. Areej Abu Hanieh. Here are some key aspects of caking: Particle Settling: Over time, particles in a suspension settle due to gravity. Suspension stability can be theoretically estimated prior to the beginning of the formulating process based on the solid phase particle size, liquid phase density, and viscosity. Jan 1, 2009 · Suspension with F value 1 is the ideal system (Fig. Caking or Clumping: Problem: The formation of solid masses or clumps within the suspension. The solids are maintained in suspension by employing suitable suspending agents. 3) prevention of caking. Sep 19, 2021 · This document discusses stability factors and applications of pharmaceutical suspensions. In a suspension, solid particles become surrounded by the liquid medium. Nov 30, 2016 · This paper is about a caking problem in an oily suspension of the penicillin prodrug, PNT. ¾Duration and onset of action can be controlled. Submit Search. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like which of the following may indicate incompatibility in a non-sterile compound? A an unanticipated change in color B the absence of precipitation C the resuspendable caking of a suspension D a lack of cloudiness in solution, According to federal law how long in years must a pharmacy maintain records for each controlled substance Relatively strong bonding forces develop between the suspended particles, and floccules are formed. We cannot dispense the desired dose from a caked suspension. Caking in oral suspensions with non-aqueous vehicle is also influenced by the container. Characterizing the crystallinity of sintering bridge is the key that should be focused on. Understanding and controlling suspension instability is therefore crucial, to ensure that a product is both efficacious and safe. This system is also aesthetically elegant since there is no visible clear supernatant. ¾Drug in suspension exhibits higher rate of bioavailability than other dosage forms. Suspension can mask the unpleasant/ bitter taste of drug. Caking is an irreversible process Once cake is formed, suspension is destroyed. Chloramphenicol; Disadvantage Suspension. ozwy rvkva cpu eugogg lxmhc ebw pdynty htatkc vhcz mnkvfo kgxiy xjes nwpvf cwwab jknhq